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Bharat Mata - 1905Painted by Abanindranath Tagore

4/19/2020

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Bharat Mata - 1905
Painted by Abanindranath Tagore

Bharat Mata is a work painted by the Indian painter Abanindranath Tagore in 1905. The work depicts Bharat Mata, or Mother India, in the style of a Hindu Goddess. The painting was the first illustrated depiction of the concept, and was painted during with Swadesh ideals during the larger Indian Independence movement.

Background

Abanindranath Tagore was born in August 7, 1871 to Gunendranath Tagore. A nephew of the Indian poet and artist Rabindranath Tagore, Abanindranath was exposed at an early age to the artistic inclinations of the Tagore family.

Tagore had been exposed to learning art when he first studied at the Sanskrit College in Kolkata in the 1880s. In his early years, Tagore had painted in the European naturalistic style, evident from his early paintings such as The Armoury. In about 1886 or 1887, Tagore's relative Gyanadanandini Devi had set up a meeting between Tagore and E.B Havell, who was the curator of the Government school of Art in Calcutta. The meeting resulted in a series of exchanges between Havell and Tagore, with Havell gaining a native art collaborator with ideas in the same direction of his own, and Tagore gaining a teacher who would teach him about the 'science' of Indian art history.

Havell attempted to induct Tagore as the Vice Principal of the art school, which was faced with heavy opposition in the school. Havell had to bend much of the school rules to do this, and tolerated many of Tagore's habits including the smoking of hookah in the classrooms and refusing to stick to time schedules. Havell introduced innovations to his teaching program in an attempt to more accurately reproduce Indian art pedagogy, and replaced European copies of art with Indian originals. The English art curator had also reportedly spent many hours behind closed doors explaining the details of "Hindu art and sculpture" to Tagore. One of these paintings, of a stork by a Mughal-era artist, had been shown to Tagore by Havell, causing the former to remark that he was unaware until then of the "embarrassment of riches" that "our art" had contained.
Subject

Bharat Mata is depicted as a saffron-clad woman, holding a book, sheaves of paddy, a piece of white cloth and a rosary in her four hands. The painting holds historical significance as it is one of the earliest visualizations of Bharat Mata, or "Mother India."

Themes and composition

The work was painted during the Swadeshi movement. The movement began as a response to the Partition of Bengal (1905), when Lord Curzon split the largely Muslim eastern areas of Bengal from the largely Hindu western areas. In response, Indian nationalists participating in the swadeshi movement resisted the British by boycotting British goods and institutions, holding meetings and processions, forming committees, and applying diplomatic pressure.

The painting's central figure holds multiple items associated with Indian culture and the economy of India in the early twentieth century, such as a book, sheaves of paddy, a piece of white cloth and a garland. Moreover, the painting's central figure has four hands, evocative of Hindu imagery, which equates multiple hands with immense power.
The painting has been characterized as "an attempt of humanisation of ‘Bharat Mata’ where the mother is seeking liberation through her sons," by Jayanta Sengupta, curator of the Indian Museum in Kolkata, India.
After completion

Since 1905, many iterations of the Bharat Mata have been made in paintings and other forms of art. However, the significance of Tagore's original painting is still recognized. In 2016, Bharat Mata was put on display at the Victoria Memorial Hall in Kolkata, India.
Sister Nivedita, the inspiration behind the Bengal School of Art, praised the painting by saying:

From beginning to end, the picture is an appeal, in the Indian language, to the Indian heart. It is the first great masterpiece in a new style. I would reprint- it, if I could, by tens of thousands, and scatter it broadcast over the land, till there was not a peasant's cottage, or a craftman's hut, between Kedar Nath and Cape Comorin, that had not this presentment of Bharat-Mata somewhere on its walls. Over and over again, as one looks into its qualities, one is struck by the purity and delicacy of the personality portrayed.

- Wikipedia 
Image:
Bharat Mata

Painted by Abanindranath Tagore

Date: 1905
Waterrcolor 

Credit: Victoria Memorial, Kolkata

​Rare Book Society

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Yoginis : 64 Warrior Goddesses

4/15/2020

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We need her more than ever, to defeat Corona Raktabija, Raktabīja was an asura (loosely translated as demon) who fought with Shumbha and Nishumbha against Goddess Parvati and Goddess Kali or Goddess Chamunda.

Yoginis : 64 Warrior Goddesses

64 Yoginis are fierce and beautiful forms of Mother Parvathi , these are warrior Goddesses who are the army women of Mahadevi Parvathi .

It's said by scholars that these Yoginis are much much older than what we know as hinduism today , and it's said these Yoginis are the original mothers who were worshiped with a son-lover with a elephant head and this was non other than Lord Ganesha the beloved son of Mother Parvathi .

They were also worshiped as grama devis. They are mentioned in the Skanda Purana variously as yoginis, dakinis, shaktis or bhairavis. In the Devi Mahatmayem they are described as the army of Goddess Chandika who fought with demons , these fierce warriors used to kill and eat the monster demons .

Another legend associated with them is when Lord Shiva beheaded Lord Ganesha , Goddess Parvathi was filled with anger as her son was killed and many Devis began to appear from her body these were the Goddess groups like Mahavidyas , Nava Durgas , Matrikas and 64 Yoginis .

The female manifestations of Parvati asked for their orders, in front of the Trinity and the huge army of Gods. Seeking retribution for her son's death, Parvati ordered all of her forms to attack the Gods.

The Goddesses obeyed their Mother's orders and attacked. The fierce Yoginis blew storms out of their mouths, burned the Gods alive, beheaded them, decapitated them by eating their skin, ate them alive, scratched them, choked them, impaled them through their chests, drank their blood, broke their bones and their necks, twisted their hands and legs, and swung them away. The Gods were getting slaughtered.

Mother Parvathi demanded the Trinity of Gods to resurrect her son by sunset or she would destroy all of gods army and all the Gods including the Trinity.

Lord Shiva somehow made Ganesha alive with an elephant head and presented him in front of the Supreme Mother . This is the reason Ganesha is the most beloved Son-lover of the Yoginis and is present with each of them in their temples .

The names of the 64 Goddesses include :

Bahurupa,
Tara,
Narmada,
Yamuna,
Shanti,
Varuni,
Kshemankari,
Aindri,
Varahi,
Ranveera,
Vanara-Mukhi,
Vaishnavi,
Kalaratri,
Vaidyaroopa ,
Charchika,
Betali,
Chinnamastika,
Vrishabahana,
Jwala Kamini,
Ghatavara,
Karakali,
Saraswati,
Birupa,
Kauveri,
Bhaluka,
Narasimhi,
Biraja,
Vikatanna,
Mahalakshmi,
Kaumari,
Maha Maya,
Rati,
Karkari,
Sarpashya,
Yakshini,
Aghora, Bhadrakali,
Vinayaki,
Vindya Balini,
Veera Kumari.
Maheswari,
Ambika,
Kamiyani,
Ghatabari,
Stutee,
Kali,
Uma,
Narayani,Samudraa,
Brahmini,
Jwala Mukhi,
Agneyei,
Aditi,
Chandrakanti,
Vayubega,
Chamunda,
Murati,
Ganga,
Dhumavati,
Gandhari,
Sarva Mangala,
Ajita,
Surya Putri,
Vayu Veena.

Among the 64 Yoginis Chamunda is considered to be the chief among them and is the commander in chief of Yogini army .

۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩ ۩

- Hymn to the Yoginis -

We honour the women who lived
Who were skillful and wise
Who held the great knowledge
Bringing together heaven and earth.

We honour the women who breathed
Who became sky borne Goddesses
Who were uncompromising in their fierce wisdom.

We honour the women who laughed
Rumbling like thunder
Teeth flashing like lightning
Across a monsoon sky.

We honour the women who loved
Who bled and birthed and sang
Who taught and brought forth jewels of desire.

We honour the women who speak
Even now in whispers through the ages
To those children of the source
Who become quiet and listen.

( by : Kulasundari Devi )

May the 64 Mothers bless us all .

Om Shakti !
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Joy Ma / Jai Kali Ma / Jaya Ma

4/14/2020

 
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    Trishula  Sandra Das

    Practitioner of Jyotish, Yoga Tantra, Ayurveda,  Shakti Sadhana
    ​for 40 years.

    ~ VedicAstrologer ~

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     Believer in Love,  Humanity, Peace, freedom & Soul Mates 
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    ~ MOTHER ~
    ~Photographer~

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